Saturday, March 21, 2020
How Did Modern Communism Fail Essays - Communism, Socialism
How Did Modern Communism Fail? Marquita Blanding September 19, 2000 Social Science Essay Why did modern communism fail? Is it because it did not fulfill its promises? Well, what exactly was it promising? In this essay, the reasons will be presented. Then we can decipher why communism did fall. Karl Marx came up with the theory known as communism. He viewed his theories and beliefs to be very promising for the working class people of the world. He had five basic theories. One, that throughout history, the workers have been exploited by the owners. Two, that the value of a product or service is determined by the materials and labor needed to produce it. Three, that to end the exploitation brought on by the owners, the call for a revolution would be the answer to overthrowing the capitalist system. Four, that the communist state would be run by the workers and the Communist party officials would occupy the government positions. Finally, that any religions would be halted so there would be complete dedication to the Communist party. However, what was promised to the people of the world if they went along with the communist theory? Marx's beliefs were later modified by Lenin (real name: Vladimir I. Ulyanov). He was responsible for bringing communism to Russia in 1917. Basically, they figured that their theories would bring very good promising things to the working class people of the country Russia and hopefully the world. They promised that the state would reach a classless state. Which means that private ownership of property would be limited to personal possessions. They also believed that the means of production should be publicly own. However, they stated that individual freedom would have to be denied in order to replace the old social classes with a society dedicated to communism. Well, if it promised all these things then why did it fall? There are countries that have been crippled because of a communist government, for example, China and Russia. There are many reasons why these two specific countries have fallen. Their constitutions have little to know meaning. The government owns the means of production and makes all the economic decisions. The people of their countries have limited rights and all the citizens are subject to Communist party control. Also individuals exist to serve the state. Because of all these downfalls, the countries have been borrowing capitalistic methods in order to improve their countries' economic state. In conclusion, these are the reasons why modern communism failed and could not fulfill its promises. This essay clearly deciphers why communism does not work, and that nothing good or prosperous could come about communism. Political Issues
Thursday, March 5, 2020
Its Not About School Prayer Essays - Prayer, Religion And Children
It's Not About School Prayer Essays - Prayer, Religion And Children It's Not About School Prayer The question of school prayer has been moved from one of the storage rooms way beyond the wings to somewhere prominently on stage, if not front stage and center. The most important thing about the discussion of a school prayer amendment is not school prayer as such. People of eminently good sense and religious conviction can disagree about whether there should be prayer in public schools and, if so, what kind of prayer and who should be in charge of it. Those decisions should be made by thousands of communities and local school boards across the country. That is called democracy. An amendment is needed not to mandate or even to encourage school prayer but to restore to the people their right and responsibility to deliberate and decide a question that bears upon the kind of education they want for their children. Parents who are serious about the moral and religious formation of their children should have no illusions that adding a prayer at the beginning of the school day will achieve that goal. Public policy should help such parents send their children to schools that share their educational goals. This means school vouchers, education tax credits, flexible charter schools, or other instruments that can enable parents to exercise real choice in education. That, however, does not obviate the need for a school prayer amendment, which might better be called an educational democracy amendment. Quite apart from the merits or demerits of prayer in public schools, an amendment is needed for three reasons. First, it is a necessary check upon the overreach of the imperial judiciary. The school prayer decisions of the early 1960s were a particularly blatant instance of judicial activism. The Constitution neither mandates nor prohibits prayer in the schools. What the Constitution says about school prayer is absolutely nothing. For almost two centuries nobody thought that school prayer was a constitutional question. It was up to local communities and their school boards. (Some scholars claim that a fairly small percentage of public schools actually had such prayer.) That is the way it should be again. Those who claim that the American people are not capable of deciding the question in a civil and mutually respectful manner reveal an unseemly contempt for the democratic process. Our point, however, is that what the Constitution does not say is unconstitutional is not unconstitution al. The Constitution does not say that prayer in the public schools is unconstitutional, therefore it is not unconstitutional. One may argue that school prayer is unfair, divisive, mischievous, or just plain dumb. But it is not unconstitutional, and apparently it will take an amendment to make that clear. The second reason for an amendment is that it will challenge the judicial advancement of the pernicious ideology of the naked public square, of American public life denuded of religion and religiously grounded values. Whatever else one may think of the school prayer decisions of the 1960s, they sent a powerful message that ours is a secular society, and that a secular society is one in which religion must be expunged from any sphere that is designated as public. Combine that with the notion that public is a synonym for governmental and the conclusion is inescapable that religion must retreat wherever government advances-and government advances almost everywhere. This has been the unhappy pattern of more than thirty years. An amendment can check that pattern and perhaps, in due course, reverse it. The third reason for an amendment, closely connected to the first two, is that the incoherence of church-state jurisprudence over the last three decades is tied up with the school prayer decisions. Many, if not most, of the justices of the Supreme Court in the last decade have at one time or another publicly admitted that the Court has gotten itself into a brier patch of confusion and self-contradiction when it comes to the religion clause of the First Amendment. In our view, the Court's decisions have created a situation in which the no establishment provision of the religion clause has increasingly undercut the free exercise provision, even though the free exercise of religion is manifestly the purpose of the religion clause. Former Chief Justice Warren Burger has observed
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